Deepavali Festival in India: Definition and Facts

Diwali, also known as Deepavali, is a major festival of Hinduism, Sikhism, and Jainism. It is celebrated across faiths by more than a billion people. To celebrate, people take part in feasts, prayer, festive gatherings, dances and fireworks displays. The name is derived from the Sanskrit term “Deepavali”, which means “row of lights”.

Significance of Diwali

The festival of Diwali symbolises the victory of good over evil and light over darkness. It celebrates the homecoming of Lord Rama, along with Sita, Lakshmana, and Lord Hanuman, to the city of Ayodhya after defeating Ravana.

The most widespread custom of Diwali is lighting ‘diyas’ (lamps). Diwali date varies each year as it is based on the lunar calendar. For those wondering when Diwali is in 2024, the answer is November 1st 2024.

Celebrations and Rituals

The celebration of Diwali lasts for five days, each with its own set of rituals and significance:

1. Dhanteras: This day marks the beginning of Diwali. It falls on the 13th lunar day of the Krishna Paksha of the Kartik month, hence the name Dhantrayodashi. On Dhanteras, people buy new utensils, gold, or silver as a sign of good luck and prosperity. It is also a day dedicated to worshipping Lord Dhanvantari, the god of health and Ayurveda.

2. Naraka Chaturdashi (Choti Diwali): The second day is celebrated to commemorate Krishna’s victory over Narakasura. People often take oil baths, wear new clothes, and decorate their homes with rangoli and lamps.

3. Lakshmi Puja (Main Diwali): The third day, known as Lakshmi Puja, is the most important day of Diwali. It falls on the 15th lunar day of the Krishna Paksha of the Kartik month. It involves the worship of Goddess Lakshmi, the goddess of wealth and prosperity. Homes are thoroughly cleaned and decorated with lights and lamps. People wear new clothes, prepare festive meals, and burst firecrackers. It is also a time for family gatherings and sharing sweets.

4. Govardhan Puja: The fourth day is celebrated to honour the lifting of Mount Govardhan by Lord Krishna to protect villagers from torrential rains. In some regions, this day is also known as Annakut, where a large variety of vegetarian food is prepared.

5. Bhai Dooj: The fifth and final day is dedicated to the sacred bond between brothers and sisters. Sisters pray for their brother’s long life and prosperity, and in return, brothers give gifts and promise to protect their sisters.

It’s important to note that while Diwali celebrations draw from various traditions and stories, including those of Krishna and Ram, these deities and their associated stories are not directly related. However, the festival spans five days, celebrating these diverse traditions and their significance.

Diwali in 2024

Diwali in 2024 falls on November 1st. This date is significant for planning purposes, as many people travel to their hometowns to celebrate the festival with family. The preparations for the festival begin weeks in advance, with markets bustling with activity and homes being cleaned and decorated.

Diwali or Deepavali: Regional Variations

Diwali, or Deepavali, as it is called in South India, has regional variations in its celebration. In North India, the emphasis is on lighting lamps and fireworks, while in South India, the focus is more on religious rituals and traditional oil baths. However, the essence of the festival remains the same: a celebration of joy, prosperity, and the victory of light over darkness.

Deepavali Holidays

Diwali holidays are often extended, especially in schools and workplaces, giving people the chance to plan trips and spend quality time with their loved ones. This festive period is marked by a nationwide celebration, with each region showcasing its unique traditions and customs. Travelling during Diwali offers an opportunity to witness these diverse celebrations and immerse oneself in the cultural richness of India.

The Deepavali holiday is not just a cultural celebration but also a significant economic event. It is one of the biggest shopping seasons in India, with people buying new clothes, home decor, electronics, and gifts. The festive sales boost the economy, benefiting retailers and businesses across various sectors.

Popular Destinations to Celebrate Diwali Festival in India

1. Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh: Varanasi, one of the oldest cities in the world, offers a mystical experience during Diwali. The ghats of the Ganges are lit with thousands of diyas (oil lamps), creating a breathtaking sight. The Ganga Aarti, a ceremonial worship of the river Ganga, is a mesmerising event that attracts pilgrims and tourists alike. The entire city is adorned with lights, and fireworks illuminate the night sky, making Varanasi a top destination for Diwali celebrations.

2. Jaipur, Rajasthan: Jaipur, also known as the Pink City, is famous for its grand Diwali celebrations. The city’s markets and streets are decorated with intricate light displays, and landmarks like the Hawa Mahal and City Palace are beautifully illuminated. Visitors can enjoy traditional Rajasthani music and dance performances, indulge in local delicacies, and shop for handicrafts and jewellery. The Jaipur Diwali Festival also includes fairs and exhibitions that showcase the region’s rich cultural heritage.

3. Amritsar, Punjab: In Amritsar, Diwali coincides with Bandi Chhor Divas, a Sikh festival that celebrates the release of Guru Hargobind Ji from imprisonment. The Golden Temple, the holiest shrine of Sikhism, is lit up with lights and diyas, reflecting in the sacred pool surrounding it. Devotees gather to offer prayers, partake in the communal meal (langar), and witness the spectacular fireworks display. Amritsar’s vibrant Diwali celebrations provide a unique blend of spiritual and cultural experiences.

4. Kolkata, West Bengal: In Kolkata, Diwali is celebrated alongside Kali Puja, dedicated to the goddess Kali. The city’s temples and homes are adorned with lights, and elaborate idols of Goddess Kali are worshipped with great fervour. The streets come alive with processions, cultural performances, and fairs. Visitors can explore Kolkata’s iconic landmarks like the Victoria Memorial and Howrah Bridge, which are beautifully illuminated during the festival. The city’s rich artistic and cultural heritage adds a unique charm to the Diwali celebrations.

5. Goa: Goa offers a unique way to celebrate Diwali with its blend of Indian and Portuguese cultures. The highlight of Diwali in Goa is the burning of effigies of the demon Narakasura, symbolising the victory of good over evil. These effigies are often massive and intricately designed, making for a spectacular sight when they are set ablaze. Goa’s beautiful beaches, vibrant nightlife, and festive atmosphere make it a popular destination for Diwali vacations. Visitors can enjoy beach parties, fireworks, and traditional Goan cuisine during their stay.

Lightning Up Traditions

Diwali, the Festival of Lights, is a time of joy, celebration, and cultural richness. Whether you call it Diwali or Deepavali, the essence of the festival remains the same. It is a time for family reunions, religious rituals, and vibrant festivities.

As Diwali 2024 approaches, people will begin their preparations in earnest, eagerly anticipating the joy and prosperity that the festival brings.

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Frequently Asked Questions

1: Is Diwali a public holiday in India?